Description

American Elderberry Tree – 1 Yr Old Seedling (Sambucus canadensis)

Overview

The American Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) is a fast-growing deciduous shrub known for its clusters of small, dark purple to black berries. These berries are rich in antioxidants and are often used to make syrups, jams, wines, and other health remedies. This 1-year-old seedling will establish quickly in your garden, providing you with delicious fruit in 2-3 years. Perfect for gardeners looking to grow their own elderberries for both culinary and medicinal purposes.

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American Elderberry Native Range

Native to eastern and central North America, American Elderberry thrives in moist, well-drained soils, often found near woodlands, streams, and roadsides.

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Growth and Form

• Height: Typically grows 3–5 feet in the first year, reaching 8–12 feet at maturity.
• Spread: Elderberries spread 4–6 feet at maturity, forming a dense, bushy shrub.
• Growth Rate: Fast-growing, producing berries in 2–3 years after planting.
• Foliage: Dark green, compound leaves that offer a lush backdrop to the fragrant white flowers in late spring.
• Flowers: Clusters of small white flowers that bloom in late spring and give way to dark purple to black berries in late summer.

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Ecological Benefits

• Wildlife Habitat: Elderberries are attractive to birds and pollinators, including bees and butterflies. The berries are a food source for various birds and wildlife.
• Soil Health: Its fallen leaves enrich the soil, providing organic matter and nutrients.

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American Elderberry Hardiness and Climate Tolerance

• Hardiness Zones: 3–8, ideal for a wide range of climates, from cold northern winters to temperate southern regions.
• Cold Tolerance: Tolerates cold temperatures down to -30°F (-34°C).
• Drought Tolerance: Once established, American Elderberry is moderately drought-tolerant but prefers consistent moisture.
• Soil Preferences: Thrives in moist, well-drained soils but can adapt to various soil types, including slightly acidic to neutral pH.

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American Elderberry Planting and Care

• Planting Location: Prefers full sun to partial shade. Plant in areas with consistent moisture and space for growth.
• Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist, especially in the first few years. Once established, reduce watering frequency.
• Fertilization: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring to promote healthy growth.
• Pruning: Minimal pruning is required. Remove dead or damaged branches in early spring.

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Uses

• Culinary: The dark berries are ideal for making elderberry syrup, jam, jelly, wine, and pie.
• Medicinal: Elderberries are used for their immune-boosting properties, commonly in syrups and tinctures.
• Wildlife: A valuable plant for attracting birds and pollinators to your garden.

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Potential Problems

• Pests and Diseases: Elderberries may be susceptible to aphids, spider mites, and fungal diseases like powdery mildew. Regular monitoring and good garden hygiene can help minimize risks.
• Pruning Needs: Prune older canes to promote better berry production and airflow.